These are torque corrections that the control unit makes based on certain conditions or values detected by the sensors. In the specific case of the maps in the driver, we have a torque correction based on the temperature of the intake air and one based on the absolute pressure detected by the APS sensor.
Why does the control unit adopt these corrections? In the case of the correction based on the intake air, the control unit reduces the torque delivered and consequently the diesel injected in order to limit the engine in order to cool the intake air. The latter, if it is at too high temperatures, is much less dense and rich in oxygen and consequently tends to reduce combustion efficiency. In addition to this, it also has the task of cooling the cylinder head.
In the case of the correction based on the absolute pressure detected by the APS sensor, this again serves to keep the engine injection parameters under control: depending on the atmospheric pressure, for the same fuel injected I will have a richer or leaner mixture depending on whether the pressure is lower or higher.